ASTM D1557-2009 用修正作用力56000ft-Ibf/ft(2700KN-m/m3)测量土壤实验室压实特性的标准试验方法
时间:2024-05-28 03:10:54 来源: 标准资料网 作者：标准资料网 阅读：8411
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodsforLaboratoryCompactionCharacteristicsofSoilUsingModifiedEffort(56,000ft-lbf/ft3(2,700kN-m/m3))
【原文标准名称】:用修正作用力56000ft-Ibf/ft(2700KN-m/m3)测量土壤实验室压实特性的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTMD1557-2009
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2009
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:D18.03
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:compactioncharacteristics;density;impactcompactionusingmodifiedeffort;laboratorytests;modifiedproctortest;moisture-densitycurves;soilcompaction;Compactionmeasurement--soils;Density--soil/rock/relatedmaterials;Dryunitweight;Ear
【摘要】:Soilplacedasengineeringfill(embankments,foundationpads,roadbases)iscompactedtoadensestatetoobtainsatisfactoryengineeringpropertiessuchasshearstrength,compressibility,orpermeability.Inaddition,foundationsoilsareoftencompactedtoimprovetheirengineeringproperties.Laboratorycompactiontestsprovidethebasisfordeterminingthepercentcompactionandmoldingwatercontentneededtoachievetherequiredengineeringproperties,andforcontrollingconstructiontoassurethattherequiredcompactionandwatercontentsareachieved.Note38212;Thedegreeofsoilcompactionrequiredtoachievethedesiredengineeringpropertiesisoftenspecifiedasapercentageofthemodifiedmaximumdryunitweightasdeterminedusingthistestmethod.Iftherequireddegreeofcompactionissubstantiallylessthanthemodifiedmaximumdryunitweightusingthistestmethod,itmaybepracticablefortestingtobeperformedusingTestMethodD698andtospecifythedegreeofcompactionasapercentageofthestandardmaximumdryunitweight.Sincemoreenergyisappliedforcompactionusingthistestmethod,thesoilparticlesaremorecloselypackedthanwhenD698isused.Thegeneraloverallresultisahighermaximumdryunitweight,loweroptimummoisturecontent,greatershearstrength,greaterstiffness,lowercompressibility,lowerairvoids,anddecreasedpermeability.However,forhighlycompactedfine-grainedsoils,absorptionofwatermayresultinswelling,withreducedshearstrengthandincreasedcompressibility,reducingthebenefitsoftheincreasedeffortusedforcompaction(2).UseofD698,ontheotherhand,allowscompactionusinglesseffortandgenerallyatahigheroptimummoisturecontent.Thecompactedsoilmaybelessbrittle,moreflexible,morepermeable,andlesssubjecttoeffectsofswellingandshrinking.Inmanyapplications,buildingorconstructioncodesmaydirectwhichtestmethod,D698orthisone,shouldbeusedwhenspecifyingthecomparisonoflaboratorytestresultstothedegreeofcompactionofthein-placesoilinthefield.Duringdesignofanengineeredfill,testingperformedtodetermineshear,consolidation,permeability,orotherpropertiesrequirestestspecimenstobepreparedbycompactingthesoilataprescribedmoldingwatercontenttoobtainapredeterminedunitweight.Itiscommonpracticetofirstdeterminetheoptimumwatercontent(wopt)andmaximumdryunitweight(x03B3;dmax)bymeansofacompactiontest.Testspecimensarecompactedataselectedmoldingwatercontent(w),eitherwetordryofoptimum(wopt)oratoptimum(wopt),andataselecteddryunitweightrelatedtoapercentageofmaximumdryunitweight(x03B3;dmax).Theselectionofmoldingwatercontent(w),eitherwetordryofoptimum(wopt)oratoptimum(wopt)andthedryunitweight(x03B3;dmax)maybebasedonpastexperience,orarangeofvaluesmaybeinvestigatedtodeterminethenecessarypercentofcompaction.Experienceindicatesthatthemethodsoutlinedin5.2ortheconstructionc..........
【中国标准分类号】:B11
【国际标准分类号】:93_020
【页数】:14P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:HAZARDOUSLOCATIONSEQUIPMENTDIRECTORY2008
【原文标准名称】:危险场所用设备目录2008
【标准号】:ULHAZARDOUSLOCATION-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008-04-11
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国保险商实验所(US-UL)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:
【摘要】:ThisDirectorycontainsthenamesofcompaniesauthorizedtousetheULMarkonorinconnectionwithproductsthathavebeeninvestigatedbyULandfoundtobeincompliancewithUL’srequirements.Thesecompanies,aswellasthemanufacturersandsubmittersoftheproducts,haveenteredintoanAgreementwithULtousetheULMarkonlyonorinconnectionwithproductsmanufacturedincompliancewithUL’srequirements.ItshouldbenotedthatULcertifiedproductsofdifferentmakesormodeldesignationsarenotnecessarilyequivalentinqualityorperformance.TheappearanceofcatalogormodelnumbersorotherspecificproductdesignationsinthisDirectorysignifiesthat:(1)representativesamplesoftheseproductshavebeensubmittedtoULandfoundtocomplywiththeapplicablerequirements,andthat(2)themanufacturerhasbeenauthorizedtousetheappropriateULMarkonproductionthatcontinuestocomplywithUL’srequirementsandissubjecttoUL’sFollow-UpService.SincemanufacturersarenotobligatedtoapplytheULMarkonalloftheirproduction,productsthatdonotbeartheULMarkarenotrequiredbyULtocomplywithUL’srequirements.Accordingly,theappearanceofacompany’snameoraspecificproductdesignationinthisDirectorydoesnotinitselfensurethatproductssospecifiedoridentifiedaresubjecttoUL’sFollow-UpService.Themanufacturer’sproductsarenotsubjecttoUL’sFollow-UpServiceunlesstheybeartheULMark.OnlythoseproductsbearingtheappropriateULMarkandthecompany’sname,tradename,trademarkorotherauthorizedidentificationshouldbeconsideredasbeingcoveredbyUL’sListingorClassificationandFollow-UpService.TheULMarkprovidesevidenceoflistingorlabeling,whichmayberequiredbyinstallationcodesorstandards.ManyoftheproductsbearingtheULMarkincorporatecomponentsthatbeartheULRecognizedComponentMark.TheRecognizedComponentMarkisapplicabletocomponentsthatareincompleteinconstructionfeaturesorlimitedinperformancecapabilities.TheRecognizedComponentMarkdoesnotprovideevidenceoflistingorlabeling,whichmayberequiredbyinstallationcodesorstandards.ThisDirectorycontainsListingsandClassificationsineffectasofApril11,2008.RecordsofListingsandClassificationsissuedorwithdrawnafterthisdatewillbefoundinUL’sListingInformationdatabase.Inaddition,ListingsandClassificationsissuedaftertheeffectivedatewillbefoundinUL’sOnlineCertificationsDirectoryatwww.ul.com/databaseandwillappearinthenextannualprintedDirectory.Note:AtthebackofthisDirectoryisimportantinformationaboutULservicesformanufacturersandotherclients,AuthoritiesHavingJurisdiction,andconsumers.
【中国标准分类号】:C65
【国际标准分类号】:
【页数】:294P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语
【英文标准名称】:Chemicalanalysisofferrousmaterials-Determinationoftitaniuminsteelandiron-Flameatomicabsorptionspectrometricmethod;GermanversionEN10211:1995
【原文标准名称】:钢铁材料化学分析.钢和铁中钛含量测定.火焰原子吸收光谱测定法
【标准号】:DINEN10211-1996
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:德国
【发布日期】:1996-02
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:德国标准化学会(DIN)
【起草单位】:
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:钛;钢产品;钢;黑色金属;原子吸收分光光度测定法;铸铁;火焰光度测定法;化学分析和试验;含量测定;火焰原子吸收光谱测定
【英文主题词】:Atomicabsorptionspectrophotometry;Cast-iron;Chemicalanalysisandtesting;Determinationofcontent;Ferrousmetals;Flameatomicabsorptionspectrometry;Flamephotometry;Steelproducts;Steels;Titanium
【摘要】:Themethodconcernsthedeterminationoftitaniuminsteelandironbyflameatomicabsorptionspectrometry.Themethodisapplicabletoalloyedandnon-alloyedsteelandironwithtitaniumcontentsof0,01%to1%(m/m).#,,#
【中国标准分类号】:H11
【国际标准分类号】:77_040_30
【页数】:10P;A4
【正文语种】:德语